i'm having a hard time readingon the train right now. unh. hold on. i'llstart the lesson. hi. james from engvid.sorry, i was on the train. i want to teach youa lesson about four basic prepositions that we use in englishthat sometimes get confused, and i understand why, so i'll keep it basic. but because it'sbasic, it's going to be 80% correct. that's a good thing, that means you can go to thewebsite and learn more from other lessons we have. but just know that sometimes there'llbe exceptions, and i may not cover it here today. i'll even give you two exceptionsto help you, but why waste time?
let's go to the board. here's mr. e. you'll notice he hasa calendar, he has a clock, and: "you are here"? oh, here. "here" is a location. we're here right now,doing a lesson. that's the location: engvid. let's go to the board and do therest of the lesson, shall we? here's: "at", "on","in", and "by". "at". i love it becauseit's very specific, so you always know where you are, exactly. problem: fortransportation, "at" doesn't have anything.
hmm. so let's go to the next one.let's go to "on". on. "on" is used for, let's say, large vehicles or large ways of travelling,such as buses... sorry. trains, buses, planes, and boats. i'll come back to boat in a second;it's an exception. on the train, on the bus, and on the plane, unless you're bill gates,donald trump, or me-i'm not in that list-you don't have your own train, plane, or bus, soyou usually share it with a bunch of people or a few people. it's large.so we say: "you're on the bus", becauseit covers a big area, so there are many people sitting in that area.when i get to location, you'll see what i mean.
boat is a small exception. for many people inthe world, they have their own boats because maybe they do fishing, or rowing, which isa type of boat that you go by yourself. in that situation, you can use "in". so,if the boat is small enough, say: "in": "i'm in a boat right now." but if it's a big boat,you have to say: "i'm on a boat." another exception for the "on" rule is bicycle. you're always"on" a bicycle. i know, i said big vehicles, but remember: a bicycle is small, and it doesn'treally have a motor or an engine, so we kind of give it its own thing, because you have tosit on the bicycle, and you can never really be in a bicycle. is that good? now, let's go to "in". "in" is funny becausethere are only two things for "in".
"in" we use for car and taxi. the easy way to think about itis usually you own your own car; it doesn't belong to a group of people. peoplejust don't get on your car every time you stop it, they go in andsay: "take me somewhere." and a taxi, well, whenyou're in a taxi, it is kind of your car. you pay the driver andyou keep the car. so, this is one of those few cases where, because it belongs to me, iam in my car or i am in the taxi, because the taxi belongs to me as long as i pay themoney. it's one of these funny exceptions. i don't know why, because you can put morepeople in a car, but i guess because you can
actually own this transportation, it's yours.think of it like the small boat. the small boat, one person is in it, you canbe inside of it. all right? cool. the last one we're going to do is "by". thisis how you get there. so, "by" is different. when we talk about "in" and "on", you are... weare talking about how you are in the vehicle. are you sitting on the bicycle? i can see youon it? you know, a boat is on water. but "by" just means: how did you get here? so,when someone responds to you with: "by car", "by plane", they're telling you how they gothere. not if they're in the plane, or on the plane. they are just... that's how they gotthere. so, how did i get here to do this video? wouldn't you like to know. i'm kidding. icame here by car. so, yes, i was in my car
and drove here, but i would tell somebody:"i got here by car, not by bus", and that would tell them the difference in the transportationi took. "how did you get here?" you like that? good, so that's "by", this is how you didit; and the way you travelled is here, "in" and "on". remember there is a small exceptionfor small vehicles, so a small boat you can be in. remember small. and a bicycle, you'realways on the bicycle, because people see you sitting on it. we good? excellent. now,that is the lesson for transportation. let's look at location. you'll noticethat the same rules or ideas apply. remember i said i liked "at" because it'sspecific? notice the dot, it's very specific. "meet me at my house." thatdoes not mean down the street,
that does not mean in another city.it means: my house, you. meet me at my house, specificlocation. or i'll give you an address: "meet me at 51 eglington." not: "in 51 eglington", no."at", that means right there. you can see the number and the place.like it? i do, too. "on". if you notice, this is a dot, and thisis like a carpet or an area. this is why i said on the bus, the train, and the plane -they are big, they have an area. and because of that, we say "on" because you stand inan area. so, "on". we put things on a table.
imagine... nope. how about this? this is a bettertable. i'm going to put something on the table. you can see it on, and here is an area.cool? that's for "on". "in" i can use the same thing. that's thenext one. "in", there is a surface, but you have to go over and in something. remember isaid "on" here? this is now "in". you can't see it anymore, can you? because it's insidewith a bunch of markers. it's inside. but when it's on the surface, you'll notice "on", youcan see it. "in", like magic, it disappears. okay? so, "in", usually you have walls orsomething surrounding you that you can look up and see the walls. you'll see there's theboard here, and there are three other walls, so i'm in a room. but i'm on the floor becausei'm standing on the floor. okay? so if the
floor was here, this would be me. ta-da. buti would go in the room, and now you need a door to see me. okay?so, "in" and "on". "by". many of you know "close" and "near". so,if you think of two things... okay? here's one thing, here's two things.we can say: "this is by the red marker." similar to saying "close" or "near".we just say "by". there's 8% of this marker.i said 80% lesson, but it seems it's gone down. [laughs] well, "by" issimilar to "close" or "near". and you notice the arrows, here, show you, if i say i'm closeto your house or by your house, it's similar
to saying "by" or "near".okay? cool. now i'm going to deal with time. when we dealwith time, we'll start at "at". "at". remember i said very specific, that's why i like it?this is when you say things like: "at 9:15", "at 12:00". it says very specific timewhen we deal with hour and minute. -"what time will i meet you?" -"at 10:30." specific.that doesn't mean 12:00. that's not "at". okay? day... sorry. "on". when we talk about "on",we talk about days. "on monday", "on tuesday". and if you're confused, think of it this way: aday has 24 hours. it's kind of got a surface to it. it's not just one specific time; it'sgot a little bit of time on it. so, on that day-okay?-anything can happen on that dayon the surface. we stand on it, and we walk
across it. you wake up, then you go to sleep.so, on that day. funny enough, you can say things like: "on christmas day", "on monday","on my birthday". so if you have a word that has a day in it, you can use "on". told youi'd make it easy. it's 80% true, there'll be exceptions. i know, someone will say one.but just think: "did i say 'day' in there? 'on' the holiday." right? you can say it,because it's got "day". make it easy. okay, now we've talked aboutspecific time with "at", and on the day with "on",but let's look at "in". when i say something like: "in september",what i'm talking about are long periods of time. we can say that for years,months, and weeks. so, for instance, i can
even go back in the past and say:"in 1992, i came to canada." or: "in september,i will buy a hat." now, we're talking about specific time,as we did in "on" and "at", but this time we're talking about longer periodsof time, and we're being very specific. now, i'm going to go to one more for you andwe're going to go by "by". "by" is fantastic because it's the end of a specific time.if i say: "i need it done by tonight", that is the time, it's specific, andthat's the end time or your limit. and funny enough, that's the endof my lesson. i'm at the limit. i hope you've enjoyed it.e has been helpful,
bringing out the calendar and theclock, and giving us a location. quick recap: you can use"at", "on", "in", and "by" for transportation,location, and time. when we deal with transportation, there are acouple of exceptions you want to remember. "on" is used for large groups of people travellingby train, bus, plane, or boat. but sometimes a boat can be for one person, and you cansay "in". we also use bicycle for "on", and that's because you sit on the bicycle. when wetalk about "in", we use it for car and taxi, because that's usually your privatevehicle. even though you say taxi's public, when you're in it, it's yours as long asyou pay for it, and it's also small. okay?
"by" is how you get there;by car, plane, or train. when we went for location, we talked aboutspecific with "at". on the surface or in an area for "on", like a carpet, think like carpet."in", think like a box, you go in a box. and "by" is similar to "close" or "near"or "close to" when you used it. and finally, for time, we talked aboutspecific time-okay?-using these prepositions. "at" is one time only; "on" is fordays: "on monday", "on christmas day"; "in" is used for longer periods of time, like:"in september", or we can go back into the past: "in 1992"; and finally, end time when we use "by".okay? and we say that's the end.
and that's the end ofthis particular lesson. so, i'd like to thank you, onceagain, for coming to engvid. and what did i say? i need you to goto www.eng as in engvid... english. v, as in video.com (www.engvid.com) where you can go do the quizand see how well you learned your lesson. okay? and by now, i thinkyou've got 80% of it correct. okay? see ya later.
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